Job Training and Management Development Assignment

Occupation Training and Management Development - Assignment Example The previously mentioned advances are pertinent in a medicinal services setting to bestow new aptitudes required by attendants and other social insurance experts (Guo, 2003). For example, during preparing, and in the need investigation, the executives informs medical caretakers regarding work execution abilities required, create medicinal services destinations and survey planned preparing aptitudes. Average aptitudes granted to medical attendants during preparing remember hands-for exercises, for example, taking care of patients with different necessities. The preparation practice at any stage bears the establishment for future vocation greatness. In a perfect world, it is a procedure of skills’ move, which expects the board to make aptitudes move simple (Belaiche, 1999). Subsequently, coaches in a human services setting amplify similitudes between work circumstance and preparing circumstance. Contrastingly, as the name goes, the board improvement is a movement that objectives directors. Dessler (2008) characterizes the executives advancement as endeavors to improve future or current administration execution through abilities, information or changing administration demeanor. The board improvement is an increasingly customized movement and gets ready chiefs for extra long haul work jobs (Guo, 2003).In expansion, the board advancement is a procedure through which administrator plan for, and in the end fills senior level openings. This is usually alluded to as progression arranging. The executives improvement is actualized utilizing two strategies, which remember the board for the-work preparing, and the board off-the-work preparing. In any case, the process’ sole point is to improve future and current administration execution. Correspondingly, the executives advancement is of specific significance to the social insurance setting. Senior social insurance experts are associated with preparing to improve abilities, for example, representative administration. They are entrusted with guaranteeing work fulfillment and quality attendant execution, which requires tolerance and key way to deal with achieve.â

Anthrax in America essays

Bacillus anthracis in America papers The best nation on the planet has been in a high condition of alarm for as long as month and a half. Individuals glancing above in dread, and individuals glancing around in doubt. At that point one day, a word went over the TV that many didn't know about, and many didn't fear. A commendable adversary of the American lifestyle had showed up. One that would impact the mail framework, cause more dread and frenzy, and peril the lives of guiltless individuals. This abhorrent adversary is called Anthrax. In the previous three weeks or something like that, everybody has been taking an additional look at their mail before opening. The tales of guiltless Americans opening their mail just to get a fine cloud and to be tainted with Anthrax has everybody attempting their best to deal with themselves and their workers. CBS news, ABC news, and CNN are only a couple of enterprises that have suspended approaching mail until they can additionally assess their mail frameworks (Noonan 38). In all the frenzy and dread, there is just a single decision U.S. mail has, and that is to continue onward. The whole countries mail can't simply stop. The Bacillus anthracis issue would be unraveled, yet bills would not be paid, requests would not be given, and significant, perhaps lifesaving, data would not be gotten. In any case, various branches have eased back down to guarantee wellbeing (Noonan 38). On TV, you see all the enormous names mentioning to us what they are doing to battle this panic, yet the individuals who are truly managing it, are those in the sorting room. A letter comes in saying, significant. A youthful woman , just three weeks at work, opens it just to get a contamination to which has placed her life in harm's way. (Noonan 38) In any case, is this an assault by a similar psychological oppressor to which assaulted in mid-September? As increasingly more Bacillus anthracis cases come up, an ever increasing number of individuals point to Usama Bin Laden. On the off chance that one truly thinks regarding the matter, how troublesome would it be to send letters with a bogus return address with a powder in the ... <!

Feminist Graphic Nonfiction

Feminist Graphic Nonfiction Todays Free Comic Book Day coverage is sponsored by  All Summer Long  by Hope Larson, published by First Second. Thirteen-year-old Bina has a long summer ahead of her. She and her best friend, Austin, usually do everything together, but he’s off to soccer camp for a month, and he’s been acting kind of weird lately anyway. So it’s up to Bina to see how much fun she can have on her own. At first it’s a lot of guitar playing, boredom, and bad TV, but things look up when she finds an unlikely companion in Austin’s older sister, who enjoys music just as much as Bina. But then Austin comes home from camp, and he’s acting even weirder than when he left. How Bina and Austin rise above their growing pains and reestablish their friendship and respect for their differences makes for a touching and funny coming-of-age story. Hey! Tomorrow is Free Comic Book Day! Whooooo! Now I know when you think about comics you probably dont automatically think feminism or nonfiction, but you really should. There are some fantastic feminist graphic nonfiction books to check out at your local comic book store today, or tomorrow, or whenever your little hearts desire (just make sure the store is open because thats called breaking and entering otherwise, and thats rude.) Dont believe me? Here are some A++ recommendations to get your started on your feminist graphic nonfiction library: Biography Brazen: Rebel Ladies Who Rocked the World by Pénélope Bagieu Obsessed is an understatement for my feelings about this gorgeous book. I love how Bagieus cute style pairs so effectively with her brazen (heh!) and unapologetically frank female characters. While I will literally own every awesome ladies book ever printed regardless of repetitious content, I really appreciate that Bagieu has included quite a few fantastic dames I havent seen get much love in print. Brazen includes profiles on 29 accomplished and inspiring women, including Agnodice, Leymah Gbowee, Christine Jorgensen, Naziq al-Abid, Peggy Guggenheim,   and Las Mariposas. If you havent read her graphic novel Exquisite Corpse or her graphic biography of Cass Elliot, California Dreamin, you absolutely should. Photographic: The Life of Graciela Iturbide by Isabel Quintero, illustrated by Zeke Peña I had seen some of Iturbides work in passing, but prior to this biography hadnt actually known much about her. This is a fleeting look at the (still ongoing) journey of Iturbides life and work told by Quintero, who also wrote the phenomenal Gabi, a Girl in Pieces. Quinteros biographical text pairs exceptionally with Peñas true-to-life illustrations. (If Peñas work seems familiar, its because he is a frequent cover artist for Cinco Puntos Press and did the Gabi cover as well as the covers of both of Sonia Patels novels, Jaya and Rasa and Rani Patel in Full Effect.)   Now I just need a print of Nuestra Señora de Las Iguanas for my living room. Who is Ana Mendieta? by Christine Redfern, illustrated by Car Caron Havana-born Mendieta was a video artist, sculptor, performance artist, and painter whose work has appeared around the world. Her work was generally autobiographical and focused on themes including feminism, violence, life, death, identity, place and belonging, and she favored references to the natural elementsâ€"fire, earth, wind, water, and blood. If you havent heard of Mendieta before, this biography will get you caught up quickly. Woman Rebel: The Margaret Sanger Story  Fire!! The Zora Neale Hurston Story by Peter Bagge Bagges style is easily recognizable and he brings his boisterous technique to the page to tell the tale of two complex pioneers of feminism. Margaret Sanger is best known as the woman who popularized the phrase birth control and for opening the first birth control clinic in the United States. Hurston was a key contributor, as folklorist and author, to the Harlem Renaissance. Bagge does both ladies justice in these graphic biographies. Josephine Baker Kiki de Montparnasse by Jose-Luis Bocquet, illustrated by Catel Muller Its possible that one day I will tire of the badass Parisian ladies of the 1920s, but I doubt itll be any time soon. Bocquet and Muller do a fantastic job bringing an authentically French perspective to two of the leading muses of interwar Paris. Baker is so much more that the banana-skirt dancer and Kiki is far more than an artists model. If youre un- or less than familiar with either, I strongly recommend both of these beautiful books about these trail-blazing, self-sufficient, and determined babes. Frida Kahlo: The Story of Her Life by Vanna Vinci As a bisexual woman who deals with chronic physical and mental health issues, as well as infertility, Frida Kahlo has long been one of my personal saints. This fantastical spin on her biography interweaves Kahlos story and art with a fictional (?) relationship she carried on with Death, or Santa Muerte. This is an incredibly emotional book and the Vincis illustrations are stunning. Vinci treats her subject with the same reverence and mysticism that Kahlo, herself, treated her native Mexico and it pays off. The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage by Sydney Padua Ive got a thing for Ada Lovelace, mathematician and worlds first computer programmer! The daughter of eccentric (and syphilitic) poet Lord Byron even has her own holiday, Ada Lovelace Day. This book is a mixture of written biography with graphic and really give a fantastic look at her career with Charles Babbage. Its a pretty hefty book, so be prepared to spend some time with this one. Femme Magnifique: A Salute to 50 Magnificent Women edited by Shelly Bond (Black Crown September 4, 2018) Featuring contributors the likes of Kelly Sue DeConnick, Marguerite Sauvage, Ming Doyle, Sanford Greene, and Sonny Liew writing and illustrating mini biographies on Michelle Obama, Kate Bush, Sally Ride, Misty Copeland, Harriet Tubman, Rumiko Takahashi, and so many other phenomenal, women past and present! Pre-order this Kickstarter backed anthology of 50 inspiring, kick-ass dames now! Its due to hit shelves (and your hands!) in early September. MAI: A Graphic Novel by Sriram Jagannathan An inspiring story of 13-year-old  Malvika Iyer who lost both of her hands, and changed her familys life, when childhood curiosity go the better of her. The exploding grenade responsible for Iyers bilateral amputation hasnt hindered her drive or her spirit, however. Since that unfortunate day in her hometown in  Rajasthan, Iyer has gone on to become a motivational speaker, disability advocate, and a model for accessible fashion. Jagannathan does a great job of telling her life story (to date). Red Rosa: A Graphic Biography of Rosa Luxemburg by Kate Evans Socialist firebrand and revolutionary, Rosa Luxemburg is the subject of this powerful biography from Evans. Luxemburg is a controversial figure for historians and political analysts, simultaneously the darling of the far-left and ignored by them. Red Rosa is pro-Luxemburg but does a great job of trying to maintain a level of impartiality in regards to her story. This graphic biography is the perfect way to get (better) acquainted with this feminist, socialist, Jewish woman who lived and died ahead of her time. Memoir Persepolis Embroideries by Marjane Satrapi Satrapis Persepolis might be one of the most well-known works of graphic nonfiction available today. Satrapis memoir of her childhood in Iran during the Islamic Revolution of the late-1970s is a fantastic look at how the role of women in Iran changed dramatically and quickly. Embroideries is a more intimate exploration of Iranian woman and feminism. An afternoon with (all female) family and neighbors over coffee is recorded in these pages and topics range from divorce and arranged marriages, to the merit of European men over Middle Eastern men, to the pros and cons of embroideries (hymen repair). Satrapi offers no analysis of the opinions the women in her life offer upâ€"we get them raw and unadulterated. Are You My Mother? By Alison Bechdel Bechdel has no shortage of graphic nonfiction under her belt. Hell, she has an entire test for feminist merit named after her. (Its sad that the Bechdel test is really the bare minimum and the entertainment industry still fails to meet it even half the time, isnt it?) I chose Are You My Mother? not only because of the complex mother/daughter relationship, but because Bechdels mother is a woman restricted by her era. A woman who struggles with personal, sexual, creative, and maternal fulfillment. As women, we still struggle with all of these things. You should definitely check out Bechdels Fun Home and The Essential Dykes to Watch Out For, too! My Lesbian Experience with Loneliness by Kabi Nagata This memoir deals with the authors personal struggles coping with her eating disorder, mental health struggles, and burgeoning sexuality. Nagata doesnt pull any punches. This story is full of raw, unfiltered emotion. But if talking about mental health, sex workers, sexuality (queer and otherwise), and generally finding your way in the world as a female arent feminist topics, then I dont know what is. The Story of My Tits by Jennifer Hayden Breast cancer and the way we, as women, react to it, in a society that has only taught us our breasts are only good for mothering and sex appeal, has led to a slew of inspiring memoirs over the years. Haydens graphic memoir of her fraught relationship with her tits is equal parts laugh-out-loud and sweetly sentimental. As an inspiring memoir, this book stands strong, but it also sneaks in as a unique voice in the conversation over womens bodies. Who do we owe them to (Answer: NO ONE!) and what makes your tits, your tatas, your boobs, well, what makes them great? The answer to that one is more personal. The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir by Thi Bui Forced to flee her home with her family following the fall of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War, Thi Buis life has long been an immigrant story. The Best We Could Do not only explores Buis history but also the intersection of her immigrant identity with her identity as a mother following the birth of her first child in 2005. This memoir touches on personal identity as affected by world politics, the definition of home, and the importance and meaning of family. It was nominated for multiple awards in 2017 for good reason. Dare to Disappoint: Growing Up in Turkey by Ozge Samanci The art style  in Samancis memoir reminds me fiercely of Le Petit Prince. Her childhood in Turkey on the Aegean coast is explored with love and fondness. Where I really related, as someone who came from a loving home, with parents who really did want to best for me, was with Samancis struggles to please everyone without losing herself. Women are conditioned to be the peacemakers, to make people smile, and we end up doing that at the cost of our own happiness too often. Pregnant Butch: Nine Long Months Spent in Drag by A.K. Summers I actually had the pleasure of meeting A.K. Summers when she did a reading of this book in Seattle a few years back! Summerss memoir of her pregnancy as a butch woman explores a lot of the ultra-feminine bias involved with motherhood. How should a mother look? How does society treat mothers that are other? This is a fantastic conversation starter for the next person who tries to tell you about pregnancy. Its your body and your experience will be unique and Summerss tale proves it. Essay The Big Feminist But: Comics about Women, Men and the IFs, ANDs BUTs of Feminism edited by Shannon O’Leary and Joan Reilly This collection of graphic essays straddles the line between social commentary and personal memoir in a lot of cases. Not always strictly nonfiction, but thats okay, life is rarely strictly one way or another. Every comic is a meditation on what feminism means to each artist. Featuring contributions from Charlie Jane Anders, Angie Wang, Emily Flake, Suzanne Kleid, and Hilary Florido among others. Interested in a fiction companion to this list? Check out our list of feminist-friendly comic books! Also In This Story Stream 9 Comics for DD, Tabletop RPG, and Fantasy Fans How To Support Webcomics Creators on Free Comic Book Day I Failed As A Webcomic Artist 5 Dos (and One Dont) for Free Comic Book Day Guide to Free Comic Book Day How Spider-Woman Made Me Feel Better About Motherhood The Best Comics We Read in April 2018 Upcoming Manga Releases of 2018 The 20 Stages of Your Comic Book Obsession 10 Murder Mystery Comics View all free comic book day 2018 posts--> Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Cyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children And Adults...

Introduction Bullying doesn’t just happen on the playground or in the workplace; it has now taken over the Internet and popular social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. The term for online bullying is referred to as â€Å"cyber-bullying†. â€Å"Cyber-bullying is defined as the use of email, cell phones, text messages, and Internet sites to threaten, harass, embarrass, or socially exclude† (Patchin, 2015). Much like the face-to-face bullying some may encounter in school can cause physical harm to someone, cyber-bullying causes emotional harm to children and adults across the globe. Cyber-bullying comes in many different forms, from spreading false rumors online, commenting on someone’s appearance in a picture posted on social media, to sharing intimate/sexual photographs of someone without their consent/permission. This issue has become a serious problem as it has resulted in children experiencing mental/emotional harm as well as committing suicid e because of what the emotional distress it left them in (Notar, Padgett, Roden, 2013). Targets: Just like â€Å"traditional†, face-to-face bullying, cyber-bullying can occur due to an individual’s race, sexual orientation, and appearance. Although both girls and boys can be subject to cyber-bullying, on Statistics Canada (Perreault, 2009) it was indicated that 71% of cyber-bullying victims happened to be female whereas 41% of those victims were male (2009). However, we can see that these statistics tend to fluctuate butShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying And Social Media1110 Words   |  5 Pagesinternet and computers were not common (Social Media Bullying, 2014). Fast forward to the present day and it has become less common for a person to not have a computerised device in their palm or pocket. With the ease of access to a social world comes upsides and downsides to the way our society has shifted and evolved. The mass use of media allows individuals to stay in easy, constant contact with loved ones or people geographically across the globe from us. It also allows fo r an effortless way forRead MoreCyber Bullying on Social Networks Negatively Impacts Teens 776 Words   |  3 PagesDosomething.org defines Cyber Bullying as â€Å"the use of technology to hassle, threaten, verbally abuse or humiliate another teen.† Since Cyber Bullying is a relatively new form of bullying, it doesn’t get as much attention as the physical or verbal form, which is most commonly known. People intend to be able to interact with friends and family over social networks, but occasionally malicious individuals make fun of people, or harass them over the internet. One out of three teens experienced being bulliedRead MoreCyber Socializing Has Effects Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesMany of us know about cyber socializing, and have used some form of it. Whether it’s texting on a cell phone, chatting on Facebook, or sending e-mails, it’s become a part of everyday life. All of these types of modern technology not only make things easier to contact p eople, but it can go deeper than that and help you stay in touch with maybe a close relative who lives far away, or a friend who just moved away from home. But at the same time, all of these things need to be used carefully becauseRead MoreEssay on Technology Negatively Affects Children1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe current generation of children is completely different than the preceding ones. They are living in the digital age. â€Å"Technology has blended in with daily activity to become a way of life and children today take for granted all of which is automated. It is hard for kids nowadays to imagine a world that existed without all of the gadgets, electronics and seamless operations that computer technology provides.† (3) â€Å"Children in the United States devote some 40 hours a week to television, video gamesRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1355 Words   |  6 Pagespeople’s lives. Social networking has helped millions connect with their family a nd friends around the world. This however has also caused problems among teens and a lot of adults as well as they have become addicted, causing many to hide behind a screen to feel good about themselves and have caused them to stoop down to cyber bullying, also have become dependent on this technology, as they feel the need to be up-to-date on everything occurring in someone else’s life sometimes causing depression and becomingRead MoreSocial Medi Evolution Or A Step Back1697 Words   |  7 PagesAs technology has advanced, face to face communication has declined and it is having consequences on our society. These repercussions include loss of important verbal skills, a new world for bullies and possible addiction to the virtual world. The effects of this new era are already showing and one can only ponder of what society will be like in the coming years. Since the late 1960s, programmers and engineers have been working to make the internet a user friendly place (â€Å"Who invented the InternetRead MoreBullying : Definition, Risk Factors, And Impacts1314 Words   |  6 Pages Bullying in Schools: Definition, Risk Factors, Impacts Theresa Marie Fox EDST 1002 Spring 2015 Bullying in Schools: Definition, Risk Factors, Impacts Over the past few decades, bullying has become a highly significant issue in schools across the globe. In the United States alone, it is estimated that approximately one in three children are victims of bullying (Smokowski Kopasz, 2005). Although bullying affects nearly 70 percent of all students, it is usuallyRead MoreHow Technology Can Be Dangerous For Youth887 Words   |  4 Pagesbe done using electronics. Not only do older people find themselves immersed in social media, but so do children. This form of technology can be dangerous for youth, tactically imbedding snares, which can easily entangle them. One thing, or person should I say, that children don’t think about when they are networking on social media, is the adult predator. According to the article â€Å"Children Must Be Protected from the Content of Social Networking Web Sites,† found on the Online Social NetworkingRead MoreEssay about Negative Effects of Social Networking1506 Words   |  7 PagesFacebook, MySpace, YouTube, and innumerable others are catching on like wildfire. Simply put, social networking is â€Å"in.† As a result, the failure to address the issue becoming so prominent in today’s generation of children, teenagers, and young adults, leads to an abundance of negative effects. Everyone’s internet use varies. One might need to use the Internet extensively for work, or keeping in touch with friends and family. But spending time online quickly becomes a setback when it absorbs too muchRead MoreKelsey Wells. Ms. Mccoy. English 1302. 26 April 2017. Cyberbullying1879 Words   |  8 PagesIt has many different effects on people; it can cause depression, suicidal thoughts and actions, and effects the way students do in school. Cyberbullying is one of the top leading causes of suicide in teens and young adults (Swearer). Cyberbullying is a major problem that this country needs to get under control because it is leading to self-harm and suicide in teens and young adults. It causes an unsafe learning environment, and the victim cannot get away from the bullying because the attackers stalk

Cartoon Strip Social Interactions

Children with autism, or children with other social deficits due intellectual or physical challenges face difficulty with acquisition, performance and fluency in social skills. Worksheets and cartoon strips about social interactions support all levels of challenge. Introduced as Cartoon Strip Conversations by Carol Gray, creator of Social Stories, cartoon strips are an effective way to support the instruction of appropriate interactions to children with language and social deficits, especially children with autism spectrum disorders. For children who have difficulty with Acquisition, The cartoon strip offers very explicit, visual, step by step information on how to interact. For a child with difficulty with Performance, writing the interaction phrases in the bubbles creates a practice that will enhance performance. Finally, for children who have not attained Fluency, the Cartoon strip will give them opportunities to build fluency and mentor children who are still acquiring the skills. In each case, cartoon strips provide opportunities to acquire and practice social interactions that meet them where they are at. This is differentiation at its best. Using Cartoon Strip Interactions Not everyone can draw, so I have created resources for you to use. The cartoon strips have four to six boxes and have pictures of the people participating in the interactions. I am offering a range of interactions: requests, greetings, initiating social interactions, and negotiations. I also offer these across milieux: many children do not understand that we interact differently with an adult, especially an unfamiliar adult or an adult in authority, than we do with a peer in an informal social situation. These nuances need to be pointed out and students need to learn criteria to figure out the unwritten social conventions. Introduce the concepts: What is a request, or an initiation? You need to teach and model these first. Have a typical student, an aide, or a high functioning student help you model: A request: Could you help me find the library?A Greeting: Hi, Im Amanda. Or, Hello, Dr. Williams. Its nice to see you.An interaction initiation: Hi, Im Jerry. I dont think weve met before. Whats your name?A Negotiation: Can I have a turn? How about after five minutes? Can I set the alarm on my watch? Templates for Comic Strips for making requests. Templates and lesson plans for Comic Strips for Initiating Interactions with Groups. Model creating a strip: Walk through each step of creating your strip. Use an ELMO projector or an overhead. How will you start your interaction? What are some greetings you can use? Generate a number of different ideas, and write them on chart paper where you can refer to them again, later. The large Post It Notes from 3M are great because you can stack them and stick them around the room. Write: Have students copy your interaction: You will have them decide on their own greetings, etc., after they have done one conversation together and practiced it. Student Role Play: Lead your students through practicing the interaction you have created together: you might have them rehearse in pairs and then have a few groups perform for everyone: you can have all perform or a few depending on the size of your group. If you videotape the interaction, you can have students evaluate each others performance. Evaluate: Teaching your students to evaluate their own performance and the performance of their peers will help them generalize the same activity when they are in public. We typical folks do it all the time: Did that go well with the boss? Maybe that joke about his tie was a little off color. Hmmmm . . . hows the resume? Coach and prompt the elements you want students to evaluate, such as: Eye contact: are they looking at the person they are addressing. Do that count to 5 or 6, or do they stare?Proximity: Did they stand a good distance for a friend, a stranger, or an adult?Voice and pitch: Was their voice loud enough? Did they sound friendly?Body Language: Did they have quiet hands and feet? Were their shoulders turned to the person they were addressing? Teach Feedback Skills: Typical kids have trouble with this since in general, teachers are not very good at giving or receiving constructive criticism. Feedback is the only way we learn from our performance. Give it kindly and generously, and expect your students to start doing it. Be sure to include Pats (good stuff,) and Pans (not so good stuff.) Ask students for 2 pats for every pan: i.e.: Pat: You had good eye contact and a good pitch. Pan: You didnt stand still.

Mcculloch V. Maryland Brief Free Essays

McCulloch v. Maryland Brief Fact Summary. The state of Maryland enacted a tax that would force the United States Bank in Maryland to pay taxes to the state. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcculloch V. Maryland Brief or any similar topic only for you Order Now McCulloch, a cashier for the Baltimore, Maryland Bank, was sued for not complying with the Maryland state tax. Synopsis of Rule of Law. Congress may enact laws that are necessary and proper to carry out their enumerated powers. The United States Constitution (Constitution) is the supreme law of the land and state laws cannot interfere with federal laws enacted within the scope of the Constitution. Facts. Congress chartered the Second Bank of the United States. Branches were established in many states, including one in Baltimore, Maryland. In response, the Maryland legislature adopted an Act imposing a tax on all banks in the state not chartered by the state legislature. James McCulloch, a cashier for the Baltimore branch of the United States Bank, was sued for violating this Act. McCulloch admitted he was not complying with the Maryland law. McCulloch lost in the Baltimore County Court and that court’s decision was affirmed by the Maryland Court of Appeals. The case was then taken by writ of error to the United States Supreme Court (Supreme Court). Issue. Does Congress have the authority to establish a Bank of the United States under the Constitution? Held. Yes. Judgment reversed. Counsel for the state of Maryland claimed that because the Constitution was enacted by the independent states, it should be exercised in subordination to the states. However, the states ratified the Constitution by a two-thirds vote of their citizens, not by a decision of the state legislature. Therefore, although limited in its powers, the Constitution is supreme over the laws of the states. There is no enumerated power within the Constitution allowing for the creation of a bank. But, Congress is granted the power of making â€Å"all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers. † The Supreme Court determines through Constitutional construction that â€Å"necessary† is not a limitation, but rather applies to any means with a legitimate end within the scope of the Constitution. Because the Constitution is supreme over state laws, the states cannot apply taxes, which would in effect destroy federal legislative law. Therefore, Maryland’s state tax on the United States Bank is unconstitutional. Discussion. This Supreme Court decision establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land, taking precedent over any state law incongruent with it. McCulloch v. Maryland Term: †¢1792-1850 o1819 Location: Maryland State House Facts of the Case In 1816, Congress chartered The Second Bank of the United States. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax. Question The case presented two questions: Did Congress have the authority to establish the bank? Did the Maryland law unconstitutionally interfere with congressional powers? Conclusion Decision: 7 votes for McCulloch, 0 vote(s) against Legal provision: US Const. Art 1, Section 8 Clauses 1 and 18 In a unanimous decision, the Court held that Congress had the power to incorporate the bank and that Maryland could not tax instruments of the national government employed in the execution of constitutional powers. Writing for the Court, Chief Justice Marshall noted that Congress possessed unenumerated powers not explicitly outlined in the Constitution. Marshall also held that while the states retained the power of taxation, â€Å"the constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof are supreme. . . they control the constitution and laws of the respective states, and cannot be controlled by them. â€Å" How to cite Mcculloch V. Maryland Brief, Papers

Pros and Cons of Alternative Medical Therapies

Question: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of complementary and alternative therapies 800 words, 6 differeent refrences with direct quatitions and paraphraeses and no more one website Answer: Introduction Alternative treatments and therapies are forming a part of health toolkit with some being really advantageous and some requiring an eye of caution before use. The disadvantages of complementary therapies may outweigh its advantages but their advantages too cannot be ignored and therefore, there is a need to have deep and complete information about any kind of alternative therapy used for the treatment of a disease or adopted as a result of health improvement. The brighter side of alternative therapy The sole reason of empowerment of patients in the field of healthcare decisions is as a result of the complementary therapies. Alternative therapies or complementary treatments treat the person as a whole and not just focus over particular symptoms of disease and is sometimes termed as a holistic therapy and traditional medicine (Coulter, 1997). These alternative therapies include herbal medicine, yoga, osteopathy, aromatherapy, acupuncture, Alexander technique, naturopathy, reiki etc. They are less invasive and more of cost effective than conventional methods of treatment. It is believed that natural products are more preferable than artificial medicines and therefore, it is always beneficial to consume these natural products in the form of treatments of medicines. People adopt complementary therapies to maintain their good health at a reasonable cost. These therapies aid them to perform well in everyday tasks and is sometimes also a result of dissatisfactory conventional medical pr actices. There are plethora of medical therapies and products in store.Some of the chronic diseases which cannot be well treated by the means of conventional medical treatments or therapies have solutions in alternative therapies. These therapies when applied on a long term basis may help in curing those effects or at least work on subsiding their reactions over the body. The accessibility and availability of these alternative therapies are outstanding and commendable. One kind of treatment in complementary aspect can help in treatment of various illness and diseases which have affected the body or mind of the patient. Some of the practices and therapies do not require any surgical interventions during the treatment. These treatments give body personal attention and provide with a whole-body care at an advanced and careful level. The pay heed towards preventing a patient from further developing such problems and not just cure them at once. The main focus of natural process is an overall health of a person with a healthy lifestyle and day to day well being. These treatments include medical, moral, aesthetic, emotional and focused support. The cons of taking complementary therapy There are no signs of detecting, diagnosis or symptom analysis in the case of alternative therapies. They are based over the traditional knowledge gained by the mast treatments and have less evidences of scientific evidence and scope of safe and effective medical practices. It is not always the most effective treatment for a person and may sometimes have side effects due to interaction with other drugs. Majority of the treatments are not reimbursed. There are prevalent issues pertaining to the purity and serenity of these medicines or treatments because of their possible interaction or in other terms reaction with the other substances which are taken up in conventional treatments. Alternative treatments are not risk free and may do more harm if taken in inappropriate proportions or without any caution (Briggs, 2001). The effects of the alternative medicines or treatments may be negative over the body if their consequences are not analyzed before intake. A perfect dosage is a must for effective results however, in case of over dosage they may cause serious problems and consequences. It can be wisely justified that these types of treatments or medicines do not suit every person and hence they must be tested with a prototype of the same before giving complete treatment or therapy. Sometimes, physicians also regard that these treatments are more of a psychological help more than that of real medical treatment in actual. In some of the un-fateful cases, these treatments does damage the situation and make it worse than curing it from the root. The ineffectiveness of these medical treatments are a result of lack of scientific studies that are unable to demonstrate a level of trust in the therapies with the use of non-controlled substances and products. Some wrong practices may also be adopted by corrupt practitioners in the name of alternative treatments and may prove to be really harmful for the patients entrusting them. Natural and safe are often confused and theref ore, marketers adopt confused marketing as a strategy to sell their therapies or products as being safe. Conclusion It must be carefully observed that there is no guarantee for use of alternative medicines as a true alternative to contemporary medicines and therefore, there must be careful analysis done before adoption of any of the medical therapy or treatment undertaken. There must be a balance between advantages and disadvantages to select a specific mode of treatment. References: Advantages, M. (2011). Pros and cons of phage therapy. Coulter, A. (1997). Partnerships with patients: the pros and cons of shared clinical decision-making.Journal of Health Services Research,2(2), 112-121. Dahle, L. O., Brynhildsen, J., Fallsberg, M. B., Rundquist, I., Hammar, M. (2002). Pros and cons of vertical integration between clinical medicine and basic science within a problem-based undergraduate medical curriculum: examples and experiences from Linkping, Sweden.Medical Teacher,24(3), 280-285. Cassileth, B. R., Deng, G. (2004). Complementary and alternative therapies for cancer.The Oncologist,9(1), 80-89. Fontaine, D. K., Briggs, L. P., Pope-Smith, B. (2001). Designing humanistic critical care environments.Critical care nursing quarterly,24(3), 21-34. Britten, N. (2008).Medicines and society: Patients, professionals and the dominance of pharmaceuticals. Palgrave Macmillan.